Iyi nhaurirano pakati paSocrates naPhaedrus inogadzirisa dambudziko rekushandisa chishuvo chepabonde nekuchenjera kana chamutswa. Inoratidza nekungwarira kushandiswa kwechishuwo senzira yekubatanidzwazve neimwe hafu yekutanga. Heino teaser:
Zvino mutyairi kana achiona chiratidzo cherudo, uye mweya wake wese uchinge waziya nepfungwa, uye uzere nekutaurisa, uye kutanha kwekuchiva, anoteerera anoteedzera, zvino, seanogara pasi pehurumende yekunyara, anorega kusvetuka mudiwa; asi imwe yacho, isingatere hanya nezvisungo uye nekurova kweyavaira, inokamba uye ichitiza, ichipa matambudziko ese kune shamwari yake uye mutyairi wengoro, waanomanikidza kuti aswedere mudiwa uye kuti arangarira mafaro erudo.
kuwanikwa
Excerpts
… Uye zvino ngatibvunzei chikonzero nei mweya uchirasikirwa nemapapiro ake!
Bapiro ndiro chinhu chemubatanidzwa chakanyanya kufanana neumwari, uye nechisikirwo chinoda kukwira mudenga uye kutakura icho chinokadzika zasi mudunhu rekumusoro, ndiko kunogara vamwari. Iyo huMwari runako, huchenjeri, kunaka, nezvimwe; Uye naiwo bapapiro yemweya inochengetwa, uye inokura. asi kana uchinge wadyiwa nezvakaipa nekushata uye zvinopesana nezvakanaka, zvinopera uye zvinopera.
Anogona kutevera anoda uye anogona, nokuti godo harina nzvimbo mukwaya yokudenga. Asi kana voenda kumabiko nomutambo, ipapo vanokwira pamawere kuenda pamusoro pedenga redenga. Ngoro dzavamwari dzakagadzikana, dzichiteerera kudzorwa, dzinomhanya kwazvo; asi vamwe vanobata nesimba, nokuti bhiza rine utsinye rinorema kwazvo, richiremedza mutyairi wengoro pasi kana bhiza rake risina kunyatsodzidziswa:-uye ino ndiyo nguva yokurwadziwa nokukakavara kukuru kwomweya.
Ndihwo hupenyu hwevamwari; asi yemimwe mweya, icho chinotevera Mwari zvakanyanya uye chakafanana naye chinosimudza musoro wemuchairi kuenda kunze kwenyika, uye chinotakurwa kumativi ose mukumukira, chichinetswa zvirokwazvo nemabhiza, uye nekunetseka kuona munhu wechokwadi; mumwe anomuka, akawa, achiona, akasaonazve nemhaka yokusatendeka kwamabhiza. Mimwe mweya yose inoshuvirawo nyika yepamusoro uye yose inotevera, asi isina kusimba zvakakwana inotakurwa ichitenderedzwa pasi pedenga, ichinyura, ichitsika pamusoro pomumwe, mumwe nomumwe achivavarira kuva wokutanga.
Pane kuvhiringika uye dikita uye magumo ekuedza; uye vazhinji vavo vakakamhina, kana kuti vakavhuniwa mapapiro avo nokusafambisa zvakanaka kwevachairi vengoro; uye vose mushure mekushanda kusina zvibereko, vasina kuwana zvakavandika zvomunhu wechokwadi, vanoenda uye vanodya pakufunga. Chikonzero chinoita kuti mweya iratidze shungu dzakapfuura dzekuona bani rechokwadi ndechekuti mafuro anowanikwa imomo, anokodzera chikamu chepamusoro-soro chemweya; uye bapiro iro mweya unokwira pamusoro paro rinokurudzirwa neizvi.…
Iye zvino uyo asiri achangotanga kudzidza kana akaora, haasimuke kubva pasi pano kuenda pakunaka kwechokwadi mune imwe; anotarisa chete pazita [rerunako] repanyika, uye pachinzvimbo chekuti ashamisike nekumuona, anopindwa nemufaro, uye sechikara chine hukasha anomhanyira kunakidzwa nekubereka; anoshamwaridzana nehupombwe, uye haatyi kana kunyara nekutsvaga mufaro mukutyora zvakasikwa.
Sezvandakataura pakutanga kwengano iyi, ndakakamura mweya mumwe nomumwe kuva mabhiza matatu namaviri nomutasvi wengoro; uye rimwe rebhiza rakanga rakanaka uye rimwe rakaipa: kupatsanurwa kungangosara, asi handisati ndatsanangura mukunaka kana kuti kuipa kwechimwe chinhu, uye ikoko ndichapfuurira.
Bhiza rorudyi rakatwasuka uye rakagadzirwa zvakanaka; ane mutsipa wakakwirira nemhino inoyerera; ruvara rwake ruchena, uye maziso ake akasviba; unoda kukudzwa, nokuzvininipisa, nokuzvidzora, muteveri wokubwinya kwechokwadi; haadi kubatwa neshamhu, asi anotungamirirwa neshoko nerairo chete. Imwe imhuka yakakombama inochera matanda, yakasanganiswa zvakadaro; ane mutsipa mupfupi mukobvu; ane chiso chakati chechetere uye ane ruvara rwakasvibira, ane maziso egrey uye ane ruvara rutsvuku rweropa; mukwanyina wekuzvitutumadza uye kudada, ane nzeve dzine shag uye matsi, asingadi kubvuma kukwapurwa nekusvetwa.
Zvino mutyairi kana achiona chiratidzo cherudo, uye mweya wake wese uchinge waziya nepfungwa, uye uzere nekutaurisa, uye kutanha kwekuchiva, anoteerera anoteedzera, zvino, seanogara pasi pehurumende yekunyara, anorega kusvetuka mudiwa; asi imwe yacho, isingatere hanya nezvisungo uye nekurova kweyavaira, inokamba uye ichitiza, ichipa matambudziko ese kune shamwari yake uye mutyairi wengoro, waanomanikidza kuti aswedere mudiwa uye kuti arangarira mafaro erudo. Ivo pakutanga vanomupikisa uye havazokurudzirwi kuita zvakaipa zvinotyisa uye zvisiri pamutemo; asi pakupedzisira, kana iye achiramba achivarova, vanoteerera uye vanobvuma kuita sezvaanovaudza.
Uye ikozvino vari panzvimbo uye tarisai kupenya kwerunako rwemudiwa; iyo apo mufambisi wengoro anoiona, kurangarira kwake kunotakurwa kurunako chairwoirwo, uyo waanoona ari pamwe chete noKuzvininipisa sechifananidzo chakaiswa pachitsiko chitsvene.
Anomuona, asi anotya ndokuwira nenhendashure mukunamata, uye nokuwa kwake anogombedzerwa kudzora pfumo nechisimba chakadaro zvokuti aunze mabhiza ose ari maviri pamakumbo awo, uya anoda uye asingarambi, asingadzoreki asingadi zvikuru; zvino vakati vadzokera shure, mumwe wavo anonyara nokushamiswa, mweya wake wose uzere nedikita; mumwe, kana kurwadziwa kwaakaitwa netomu nokuwa, achinetseka kufema, azere nehasha nokunyomba, zvaanotutira pamusoro pemuchairi wengoro nebhiza rake, nokuda kwokushayiwa ushingi nourume; vachizivisa kuti vanyepa kuchibvumirano chavo uye vane mhosva yekurasa. Zvakare vanoramba, uye zvakare anovakurudzira, uye anototadza kubvuma kunyengetera kwavo kuti amirire kusvikira imwe nguva.
Kana nguva yakatarwa yasvika, ivo vanoita sekunge vakanganwa, uye iye anovayeuchidza, vachirwa nekuvakidzana nekuvadhonzera, kusvika pakureba iye, nepfungwa imwechete yaakavavarira, anovamanikidza kuti vaswedere pedyo zvakare. Uye kana vava pedyo iye anokotamisa musoro wake uye osimudza muswe wake, uye anotora zvishoma mumeno ake nekukweva asanyara.
Ipapo mufambisi wengoro akashata kupfuura nakare kose; anodzokera shure somujaho ari pachivharidzo, uye nechisimba chinowedzera chisimba anokwevera chidimbu kubva mumazino ebhiza romusango uye anovhara rurimi rwake neshaya neropa, uye anomanikidza makumbo ake nemakumbo ake pasi uye oranga. iye zvakanyanya. Uye kana izvi zvaitika kakawanda uye munhu akaipa akarega nzira yake yakashata, anopingudzwa uye anoninipiswa, uye anotevera kuda kwomutyairi wengoro, uye kana aona tsvarakadenga yacho agadzirira kufa nokutya. Kubva panguva iyoyo mweya wemudiwa unotevera mudikanwi mukuzvininipisa uye nekutya kutsvene.…
Uye saizvozvi mudiwa uyo, samwari, akagamuchira chero chinhu chechokwadi uye chakatendeka kubva kumudiwa wake, kwete mukunyepedzera asi muchokwadi, achingova iye amene ane hunhu kune iye anoyemura, kana mumazuva ekare iye akabhuroka kuti ave nehukama hwake. ndokufuratira mudiwa wake, nekuti shamwari dzake dzechidiki, kana vamwe vakamuuraya nokunyengera, kuti uchanyadziswa, zvino kana makore achienderera mberi, pazera nenguva yakatarwa, uchaiswa kuti agamuchire munhaurwa. Naizvozvo zvakatemwa zvakatemwa kuti hakuzi kushamwaridzana pakati pezvakaipa, zvinorayirwa kuti pakati pevakanaka zvichavapo.
Uye mudiwa paakamugashira mukudyidzana uye neushamwari, anoshamiswa kwazvo nekunaka kwemudiwa; anoona kuti shamwari yakafuridzirwa yakakodzera dzimwe shamwari dzese kana hama; havana chinhu chehushamwari mavari chakakodzera kufananidzwa neyake.
Uye kana kunzwa kwake kuchiramba uye iye achiswedera pedyo naye uye kumumbundira, mukurovedza muviri uye pane dzimwe nguva dzekusangana, ipapo tsime rerukova, iro Zeus paakadanana naGanymede anonzi Desire, anofashukira mudiwa, uye imwe inopinda mumweya wake, uye imwe painenge yazadzwa inobuda zvakare; uye semhepo inovhuvhuta kana mweya inodzokera kubva kumatombo akanyorovera uye painodzoka kwayakabva, ndizvo zvinoita rwizi rwe runako, ichipfuura nemaziso ano iwo mahwindo emweya, anodzokera kune uyo akanaka; ichisvika uye ichikurumidza kupfuura mapapiro emapapiro, ichidiridza uye ichikwezva kuti ikure, uye ichizadza mweya wevadawo zvakare nerudo.
Uye saka anoda, asi haazive chii; haanzwisisi uye haakwanise kutsanangura mamiriro ake; anoita kunge akabata hutachiona hwekupofomadza kubva kune mumwe; mudiwa ndiye girazi rake raanenge achizviona, asi iye haasi kuziva izvi. Kana iye aine mudiwa, vese vanorega kubva pakurwadziwa kwavo, asi kana iye asipo ipapo anoshuvira sezvaanoshuviwa, uye aine mufananidzo we rudo, rudo rwe rudo (Anteros) inogara muzamu rake, iyo yaanodaidza uye anotenda kuve kwete rudo asi hushamwari chete, uye chishuwo chake chakafanana nechishuvo chemumwe, asi chakasimba; iye anoda kumuona, kumubata, kumutsvoda, kumumbundira, uye pamwe pasina nguva refu mushure meizvozvo chishuwo chake chaitika.
Kana vachinge vasangana, uya anodiwa wedare remudiwa ane izwi rekutaura kune mutyairi wengoro; angada kufara zvishoma kudzorera kurwadziwa kwakawanda, asi uya anodiwa weanodiwa haatauri izwi, nekuti ari kuputika nechido chaasina kunzwisisa; -anokanda maoko ake achitenderedza mudiwa ndokumumbundira sekwake. shamwari inodikanwa; uye, kana ivo vari padivi, iye asiri mune iyo mamiriro ayo anogona kuramba mudiwa chero chinhu, kana iye akamubvunza; kunyangwe mumwe wake-murume uye mutyairi wengoro anomupikisa nepfungwa dzekunyadzisa uye chikonzero.
Pashure peizvi mufaro wavo unobva pane kwavo kuzvidzora; kana zvinhu zviri nani zvendangariro zvinotungamira pakurongeka uye nehungwaru zvikakunda, vanobva vapfuudza hupenyu hwavo pano mune mufaro uye nekuwirirana-vatenzi vekwavo uye zvakarongeka-vachiita nharo dzekushata uye kusunungura zvinhu zvekunaka zvemweya; uye kana mugumo wasvika, iwo akareruka uye ane mapapiro ekutiza, vakunda mune imwe yematatu kukunda echokwadi kana echokwadi maOlympian; uyewo kurangwa kwevanhu kana kufemerwa naMwari kunogona kupa chero chikomborero chakakura pane izvi kupfuura ichi.
Kana, kune rumwe rutivi, ivo vachisiya huchenjeri uye vachirarama hupenyu hwepasi hwekuda chishuwo, saka pamwe, mushure mewaini kana mune imwe isina hanya awa, mhuka mbiri dzakapusa dzinotora mweya miviri iyi padzinenge dzichibva pakuvadzivirira uye dzavaunza, uye ivo vanozadzisa kuchiva kwemoyo yavo, kune vazhinji mufaro; Uye izvi zvavakange vambonakidzwa ivo vanoramba vachinakidzwa, asi zvisingawanzo nekuti ivo havana kufarirwa kwemweya wose. Naivowo vanodiwa, asi kwete zvakanyanya kudiwa kune vamwe sevamwe, kungave panguva yekudanana kwavo kana mushure. Ivo vanoona sekuti ivo vakapa uye vakatora kubva kune mumwe nemumwe zvitsvene zvitsvene zvivimbiso, uye ivo vanogona kusapwanya ivo uye vobva kuvengana. Pakupedzisira vanobuda kunze kwemuviri, vasina kupfeka, asi vachishuwira kukwira, uye nekudaro havawani mubairo worudo neupengo.
Naizvozvo akakurisa maropafadzo ekudenga ayo hushamwari hwemudiwa achapa pauri, hudiki hwangu. Ipo kubatanidzwa kweasinga-mudiwa, kunoenderana nehungwaru hwenyika uye kune nzira dzepasirese uye dzehusimbe dzekuburitsa mabhenefiti, dzinozoberekesa mumweya wako hunhu uhu hunokatyamadzwa nevanhu, hunokutumira iwe bowling kutenderera nyika mukati menguva zvemakore zviuru zvipfumbamwe, uye siya, iwe benzi pasi pazasi….
Phaedrus naPlato, rakanyorwa muna 360 BCE Yakashandurwa naBenjamin Jowett