Ndi Elizabeth A. Clark
Kapezekedwe
Zowonjezera:
The subintroductae anali:
[p. [Chithunzi patsamba 171] Akazi achikristu odziletsa amene ankakhala limodzi ndi amuna, ngakhale kuti onse awiri anachita lumbiro la kusadzisunga, ndipo anali ndi chikhumbo chofuna kulisunga. (Yohane Chrysostom, Zotsutsana ndi zomwe zimapanga ma habent subintroducts monga anamwali, 13 JP Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus: Mndandanda wa Graeca 47, 514)
Okwatirana osakwatirana oterowo anali ogwirizana mu “unansi wachikhalire, wapamtima,”4 ukwati wauzimu, umene Derrick Sherwin Bailey waulongosola momvekera bwino kukhala “kukhalira pamodzi kwa amuna ndi akazi pansi pa mkhalidwe wakusadzisunga, okwatirana kukhala m’nyumba imodzi, kaŵirikaŵiri chipinda chimodzi, ndipo nthaŵi zina bedi limodzi, komabe amadzichitira monga mbale ndi mlongo. ”3 …”chikondi chaubale chinayenera kutenga malo [p.172] chikondi chaukwati.”6 Iye anati mwamuna ndi mkaziyo anakhala “okonda Plato.”7
[173] Ngakhale anali syneisaktism chochitika chachilendo kwa dera limodzi; imapezeka ku Ireland, Syria, North Africa, ndi malo ena ambiri achikhristu. Monga momwe Roland Seboldt ananenera, potsatira Achelix, “Pa chinthu chimodzi chimene tingatsimikize: munalibe chigawo chatchalitchi m’Chikristu chakale mmene maukwati auzimu anali odziŵika.”28
[174] Kusiyana kwa kumasulira kwawonetsadi kusiyana kwamalingaliro pamikhalidwe yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa m'malembawo.
[176] Zifukwa za Chrysostom zotsutsa mchitidwewu:
Kuwuka kwa chilakolako; chokhumudwitsa kwa “abale ofooka; mwayi kwa adani a Mpingo kumudzudzula; “chigololo” cha akwatibwi a Kristu; kufunikira kwa mazunzo ndi kukanidwa mu moyo wa chikhristu; zokayikitsa zothandiza phindu zotetezedwa ndi ubale; nsembe ya ufulu unamwali anafuna kubweretsa; ndi kugubuduza maudindo ogonana ndi ntchito zomwe "chirengedwe" komanso momwe Mulungu adakonzera.
[177] Mabanja omwe amakhala motere adakwiyitsa Chrysostom ndi zonena zawo kuti akhoza kulimbana ndi mayesero omwe amakhalapo nthawi zonse chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zamakhalidwe abwino.
[181] Kutsutsa kwa Chrysostom: mwamuna yemwe ali paubwenzi wotere nthawi zambiri amatumikira mkaziyo kuposa momwe amachitira iye.94
[183] Syneisaktism, tikuganiza kuti inapatsa amuna ndi akazi mwayi wapadera wokhala ndi mabwenzi omwe amakhudza kwambiri ubwenzi wamaganizo ndi wauzimu. …
Chrysostom anadabwa kwambiri kuti amuna ndi akazi amatha nthawi yochuluka pamodzi monga momwe amachitira subintroductae ndi anzawo achimuna. M’malingaliro ake, moyo woterowo unali wosayenera osati kwa anamwali okha, komanso kwa akazi okwatiwa. Monga momwe akumvekera bwino m’zolemba zake zambiri, akazi ayenera kukhala osadziletsa, odekha, ndi osapenyerera. …
Kwa anamwali ndi anzawo, malamulo onse oterowo anali ataphwanyidwa….Malamulo a Mulungu ndi “chirengedwe” zikanaikidwa pachiwopsezo ngati okwatirana muukwati wauzimu angapatukire panjira ya “kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha” anakhala ngati wina ndi mzake. Ubwino wa androgynous ndi womwe Chrysostom akanatha kutsata mongoyeserera, ngati atero.
Mabanjawa, tikuganiza kuti anali kutsata kuzindikira kuthekera kwaubwenzi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Chinachake chimene anthu ankachiona kukhala chosatheka m’nthaŵi zakale. Ku maganizo akale, ubwenzi m’lingaliro lake lenileni unkatanthauza mtundu wa kufanana pakati pa anthu awiri, ndipo akazi, chifukwa cha kutsika kwawo ndi udindo wawo, sakanatha kukhala oyenerera kukhala paubwenzi ndi amuna. Chrysostom ankadziwa kwambiri kuti amonke ndi anamwali anali mabwenzi; anagwiritsa ntchito mawuwo philia kufotokoza za ubale wawo nthawi zosachepera zinayi.
[Chrysostom adalengeza] kuti philia ziyenera kusiyidwa ngati zipangitsa kukonda Yesu kukhala kosatheka, monga momwe adaganizira momveka bwino syneisaktism anatero. Tikufuna kunena kwa Khristu pa msonkhano wathu wamtsogolo, “Pakuti inu ndi ulemerero wanu tapeputsa ubwenzi, ndipo tapambana pa zokondweretsa, tavutitsa miyoyo yathu, ndipo tasiya zonse. philia ndi zokonda za munthu; Ife takusankhani inu ndi chikondi chathu pa iwe pamwamba pa chinthu chilichonse.113...
Kodi nzosayenerera kuganiza kuti [amonke ndi anamwali] akanagogomezera mbali yauzimu ya mayanjano awo? Kodi akanadziyerekezera kuti akuyesera kukhala ndi moyo wa Ufumu pano ndi tsopano? Kodi akanatsutsa kuti Mulungu analonjeza kwa otsatira a mwana wake mphamvu zoposa zaumunthu za kulimbana ndi ziyeso zimene anthu wamba akanagonja?115 Kodi iwo akanati, pamodzi ndi Paulo, mwa Yesu mulibe “mwamuna ndi mkazi” ( Agalatiya 3:28 )?
[185] Ngakhale Chrysostom adalimbikitsa omvera ake kuti azikhala ngati aluntha komanso mphamvu zomwe zili pamwambapa,117 iye mwachionekere anafuna kupeŵa kusanganikirana kwa amuna ndi akazi pa kulaŵiratu kwa moyo wakumwamba kumeneko. Komano, amonke ndi anamwaliwo mwina ankaganiza kuti Mulungu anali atawapatsa kale zinthu zimene angelo sangathe kuchita. Tikudziwa kuti amatsutsa kuti adapatsidwa mphamvu zolimbana ndi uchimo wogonana,118 ngakhale kuti Chrysostom ankakhulupirira kuti anthu amene ankalankhula motere ankangoganiza kuti akukhala pakati pa miyala, osati pakati pa anthu anyama ndi magazi.119 …[Anayankha] pambuyo pake, m’malo akumwamba, pambuyo pa imfa, pamene amuna ndi akazi adzakhala okhoza kusangalala ndi mayanjano aulere popanda chilango. Kuchokera kumalingaliro ake, a subintroductae ndipo amonkewo anali atangoganiza kuti ataya zilakolako zawo zathupi.
[Kuchokera m'mawu a m'munsi]
p. 173 ndi22 [Achelis ankaganiza choncho syneisaktoi linamasuliridwa ngati subintroductae kwa nthaŵi yoyamba m’zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi, koma katswiri Felix Quadt, akupereka umboni wochokera kotembenuzidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi la mabuku ovomerezeka a Sinodi Yachisanu ndi chimodzi ya ku Carthage.]
p.174 ndi36. Achelis akuganiza kuti pali zitsanzo za Chikristu chisanayambe kaamba ka mchitidwe [ukwati wauzimu] m’malongosoledwe a Philo a Therapeutae. Onani Achelis, Namwali, masamba 29-31. A. Oepke, "gyne,” Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. G. Kittel, trns. ndi ed.
GW Bromiley (Grand Rapids, 1964), 1:779 akuganiza kuti panalinso zitsanzo zachikunja, ndipo amatitengera ku R. Reitzenstein's Hellenistische Wundererzahlungen (Stuttgart, 1963) p. 146 f.