Malinga ndi French Wikipedia tsamba patsamba Assag, assag ndi mwambo wachikondi wapakhoti womwe umalimbikitsidwa ndi a troubadour ngati mayeso apamwamba a chikondi (“chikondi chenicheni”), chimene donayo anaumiriza kwa wokondedwa wake. Okonda awiriwa adagona maliseche komanso amasangalala ndi foreplay koma osalowa.
Mawuwa amakhulupirira kuti adachokera ku Occitan (Langue D'Oc) assag or ensag, kutanthauza “kuyesa”. Kapena, mwina adachokera ku Chiarabu achak عشق kutanthauza "kukhala m'chikondi ndi chikondi". Pofika nthawi imeneyo, pakati pa Aarabu, kukana kukhutiritsa chilakolako cha kugonana kunkaoneka ngati njira yovuta kwambiri yochithetsera. Ibn Daoud adati: “Ayi!
Mwambo wachikondi wa khothi
Pakati pa troubadours, ndi assag mchitidwe anali chikhazikitso lamulo la joi d'amor (“chimwemwe cha chikondi”). Mwachitsanzo, Cercamon (1135-1145) akuti: "Palibe chomwe chimandipangitsa kufuna kuposa chinthu chomwe chimandithawa nthawi zonse". Ndipo Matfre Ermengau (chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 13 kapena koyambirira kwa zaka za m’ma 14) anati, “Chisangalalo cha chikondi chimenechi chimatha pamene chilakolako chimakhutitsidwa”.
Thie joi d'amor pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse amalunjikitsidwa kwa mkazi monga chinthu chosonyeza ulemu wachikondi. Nthawi yomweyo, joi d'amor kumapereka chisangalalo chokhala m'chikondi. Mmodzi amalumbira kuti adzakhala ndi chikhumbo chamuyaya, monga ndi Aarabu. Mu assag, wokonda fin'amor amakwezedwa ndi choletsa chomwe mkaziyo amamukakamiza. Mwachitsanzo Guillaume IX wa Aquitaine akuti, "Palibe amene angatsimikizidwe kuti wapambana pa chikondi ngati sagonjera kwathunthu ku chifuniro chake".
Kukhulupirika kwa wokwatiwa ndi mkazi wake kumamupangitsa kuti amuyese: “Mayi wanga amandiyesa. Amandiyesa kuti adziwe njira yomwe ndingasankhe", akutero Guillaume IX wa ku Aquitaine. M'zaka za m'ma 13 mayesowa, a assag, chinakhala chiyeso champhamvu cha chiyero chosungidwa pakama, “wamaliseche ndi wamaliseche” (koma pa inu). Ngati wokondayo agonjera ku chikhumbocho, unali umboni wakuti sakonda naye chikondi.
Zambiri za assag
In L'amour courtois ou le couple infernal Jean Markale anafotokoza kuti:
The assag chinali chiyeso chimene wokonda anayenera kusonyeza kuti ali wokhoza kukonda kotheratu, kuti chikondi chinali mwa iye. Amatha kusinkhasinkha za mayi ake ali maliseche ndipo amatha kuchita naye chilichonse chomwe chikhumbo chimafuna. Iye amakhoza kumugwira iye (kumukumbatira iye), kumupsyopsyona iye, kumusisita iye; chilichonse kupatula chowonadi (lo fag). … Pamene zowawazo zinali zabwino kwambiri kwa wokondedwayo, zinakhala zowopsya kwambiri kwa iye ndi ulemu wake.”
Choncho, a assag inali njira yobweretsera chisangalalo chomwe chimabweretsa chikondi (chochitika cha chikondi chenicheni). Chikondi chapabwalo chimenechi chinalepheretsa kubereka.
Mwambo wa assag angapezeke m'buku La malédiction des Trencavel ndi Bernard Mahoux. Mmenemo, heroine Adélaïs de Toulouse akupempha kwa mfumu Alfonse ya Aragon, yemwe akufuna kutsimikizira chikondi chake chenicheni.
Beghards ndi oyamba
Anthu a m’gulu la Beghards anatsanzira moyo wa Yesu mwa umphaŵi wodzifunira, kusamalira osauka ndi odwala, ndiponso kudzipereka kuchipembedzo. Iwo anali osiyana ndi ansembe ndi masisitere chifukwa ankatha kuchoka nthawi iliyonse popanda kuphwanya lumbiro lililonse. Marguete Porete anali Beguine, ndipo mwina analemba za a chikondi- mayendedwe ake mu ntchito yake Galasi wa Miyoyo Yosavuta. Anakhala ndi vuto lofanana ndi la Cathars, omwenso ankachita chikondi.
Ndithudi, umboni umasonyeza kuti assag adapezeka pakati pa ma begunes ndi a beghards a Saint Francis waku Assisi kuyambira zaka za zana la 13. Beghards ndi ma begunes adakhalabe osakwatira pomwe akukhala ku beguinage (mudzi), koma zikuwoneka kuti ena adapindula pochita nawo. assag.
Kaŵirikaŵiri timaphunzira zambiri kuchokera kwa otsutsa aukali kwambiri akale. Ndiye izo ziri mu Buku la Malingaliro a Bungwe la Inquisition la Toulouse (Liber de Sententiarum Inquisitionis Tholosonæ), pakuwoneka kuyika kwa Guillaume Roux. Malinga ndi zomwe ananena, ma begunes kapena beghards sanganenedwe kuti ndi abwino "pokhapokha atagona maliseche pabedi, osachita zakuthupi" (ndiyenera kukhala ponere nudus nuda in uno lecto et tamen non perficerent actum carnalemwas).