On alternating days, adult male Long-Evans rats implanted with unilateral cannulae in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) received intracerebral injections of testosterone (0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 microg/0.5 microl), or saline immediately prior to confinement for 30 min to one of two compartments of a place preference apparatus. All rats received 8 days of pairings (4 hormone and 4 saline). On day 9, the rats were given a hormone-free 20-min test session during which they had access to all compartments of the apparatus. Intra-MPOA injections of testosterone (0.1 microg) produced a conditioned place preference, while injections of a higher dose (0.2 microg) produced a conditioned place aversion. The rewarding effects of intra-MPOA testosterone may in part mediate the facilatory effects of testosterone on motivational aspects of sexual behavior.